From Time to Output: How Work Environment Mediates the Relationship Between TimeManagement and Employee Performance Under Stress

Abstract

Employee performance remains a critical success factor for organizational sustainability, particularly in the manufacturing sector. For firms like Mambilla Beverages Nigeria Ltd, achieving optimal performance requires more than technical competence—it involves managing time effectively and fostering a productive work environment. Thus, understanding how employee performance is influenced by time management and mediated by the work environment becomes imperative. This paper examined
the effect of time management on employee performance, and the mediating role of the work environment. The study adopted a cross- sectional survey design to gather, analyze, and interpret data from staff of Mambilla Beverages in Taraba State, Nigeria. A sample of 250 employees was determined using the Taro Yamane statistical formula and selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which was subjected to face validation by three
experts. Convergent validity was established using Average Variance Extracted (AVE), while measurement reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and composite reliability scores. Responses were gathered both in print and electronically, and analyzed using SmartPLS v4 structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that time management has no significant direct effect on employee performance. However, time management significantly impacts the work environment,
which in turn has a strong positive effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the work environment mediates the relationship between time management and performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends that management at Mambilla Beverages should not only promote time management practices but also enhance the organizational work environment through supportive policies, resource availability, and effective communication to improve overall employee performance.